Fallujah University Digital Repository service
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- The Digital Repository of the University of Fallujah is a centralized platform for preserving and sharing the university's academic and research outputs. It provides access to research papers, theses, dissertations, academic publications, and other scholarly materials, fostering knowledge sharing and enhancing the visibility of the university’s contributions globally.
- المستودع الرقمي لجامعة الفلوجة هو منصة مركزية لحفظ ومشاركة مخرجات الجامعة الأكاديمية والبحثية. يوفر الوصول إلى الأبحاث العلمية، الرسائل الجامعية، الأطروحات، المنشورات الأكاديمية، وغيرها من المواد العلمية، مما يعزز تبادل المعرفة ويزيد من رؤية مساهمات الجامعة على الصعيد العالمي.
Recent Submissions
Assessing Awareness Level of Agricultural Extension Agents Regarding Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture Sector and Coping Strategies
(ResearchersLinks Ltd, 2025-01-20) Adnan Ibrahim Khamis; Jasim Mohammed Saleh; Najwa S. Ali; and Anhar Mohamed Ali Hasan
This study was aimed at identifying the awareness level of the agricultural extension staff in the
Agricultural Extension, Department of Training and its affiliated training centers in Baghdad Governorate,
regarding climate change and its effects on the agricultural sector and identifying the mechanisms and
procedures adopted by the agricultural extension regarding these risks. These procedures included five topics
(administrative and technical, irrigation water, crops, agricultural land, and environment). Researchers included
agricultural adviser staff in the Department of Agricultural Extension and its affiliated training centers so
that the number of targeted staff was reached (161). The questionnaire used to collect data was adopted,
it included two fields, The first included (20) statements to identify the level of awareness of agricultural
extension staff for the risks of climate change on the agricultural sector, while the second field included
(50) statements representing mechanisms and procedures adopted by agricultural extension in facing these
risks. A statistical analysis program (SPSS) was used to process the research data. So this study showed that
most agricultural extension staff have a high level of awareness regarding climate change and its impact on
the agricultural sector especially in administrative and technical issues related to crops and irrigation water
conservation, also there are no joint units and committees for emergency management and risks resulting
from the consequences of climate change, lack of cooperation and coordination with local and international
efforts in exchanging climate information and significant weakness in the application of laws and legislation
that would hold parties that contribute to accountability and deterioration of the agricultural environment.
The study recommends activating the role of agricultural extension due to the phenomenon of climate change
in the agricultural sector.
A PROPOSED VISION FOR DEVELOPING AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION CENTERS IN CENTRAL IRAQ
(Society for the Advancement of Breeding Researches in Asia and Oceania (SABRAO), 2024-06-05) A.I. KHAMIS; N.S. ALI; J.M. SALEH
The research aimed to prepare a theoretical vision, including a set of proposed standards for
developing work in Agricultural Extension Centers in the Central Governorates (Baghdad, Diyala,
Babylon, Al-anbar, and Salah al-Din), within seven important guiding areas. Using the descriptive
approach to conduct this study, the sample community included all agricultural extension workers
working in research centers of central Iraq governorates, totaling 95 respondents. The two-part
questionnaire served as a tool for collecting data from the respondents. The first part represented
opinions of agricultural extension agents about the extent of application and adoption of suggested
standards in the work of agricultural extension centers. Meanwhile, the second part included the
respondents’ opinions about the degree of their approval of the proposal to develop the extension
centers. The study concluded a large proportion of the respondents believe a weakness existed in the
level of application of the recommended standards in the operation of the agricultural extension
centers. It is evident in not adopting the principle of decentralization when formulating the goals of
the extension centers.
Thermal Performance of Ferrocement Slabs Reinforced with Recycled PET Fibers
(Springer Nature, 2025-04-05) Nahla Hilal; Abdulkader I. Al-Hadithi; Jamal A. Khalaf; Farah A. Al-Fahdawi; Zouaoui R. Harrat; Taher A. Tawfik
This study aimed to identify the optimal ratio of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers to enhance the structural performance
of ferrocement slabs, particularly under varying high-temperature conditions. The research examines the effects of PET fibers
on the hardened properties of ferrocement mortar, as well as how both PET fibers and elevated temperatures (25 °C, 100 °C,
200 °C, 400 °C, and 600 °C) influence the impact and mechanical behavior of the material. To achieve this, four volumetric
proportions of PET fibers (0%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%) were first used to identify the optimum PET content, which was found
to be 0.75%. The impact and mechanical behavior of ferrocement slabs were then investigated using the optimized mix.
To evaluate the impact behavior, a total of 25 two-way slabs of 500 mm × 500 mm × 50 mm were prepared and tested.
The parameters were (a) fiber content (0% and 0.75%), (b) layers of steel wire mesh reinforcement (0, 2, and 4 layers), and
(c) elevated temperatures (25 °C, 100 °C, 200 °C, 400 °C, and 600 °C). These were organized to have five different slab
configurations: zero reinforcement layer (0L) and zero fiber (0F) (0L-0F); 2L-0F, 4L-0F, 2L-0.75F, and 4L-0.75F. Each of
these slabs was tested under the five selected elevated temperatures, making the 25 specimens needed. The same parameters
were repeated to evaluate the flexural behavior of ferrocement slabs using 25 one-way slabs with dimensions of 1200 mm
× 150 mm × 50 mm. The results indicated that PET fibers decreased density and ultrasonic pulse velocity while increasing
water absorption. At a PET fiber content of 0.75%, the compressive and flexural strengths increased by 17.85% and 5.79%,
respectively, after 28 days. Strength loss was minimal up to 200 °C, but significant reductions were observed beyond 400 °C.
The optimal performance was found in slabs with 0.75% PET and two layers of reinforcement at 200 °C, displaying improved
flexural strength, toughness, and ductility. At 600 °C, the breakdown of the plastic fibers resulted in a substantial performance
decline. Overall, the findings show that PET fibers enhance ferrocement performance up to 400 °C but experience degradation
at higher temperatures.
Possibility of Adding Biomedical Waste Plastic as Asphalt Performance Improvers
(AIP Conf. Proc. 3303, 040006, 2025-03-31) Nahla Naji Hilal; Khalid Awadh Mohammed; Sattar A. Mutlag; Alaa Dahamm Mamdooh
There are many types of human waste, including biomedical waste plastic, which is infectious and toxic, and
its disposal is one of the main problems facing developing countries. In the process, countries must establish an extensive
network of roads to maintain a stable economic and social environment. Research has shown that bitumen limitations
necessitate careful consideration when building highways and transportation networks for development. It is possible to
use biomedical plastic waste in road construction, reducing its environmental impact. It is considered economical and
capable of improving the performance and characteristics of paved roads. The research aims to investigate the impact of
biomedical waste plastic on the rheological characterization of bitumen, utilizing safer insulin syringes after treatment.
Using mixing techniques, we prepared the modified bitumen from the waste. We added it gradually after heating the
asphalt and waste. Researchers found that adding it could improve the bitumen's rheological properties, like its low
penetration, flash point, fire point, and ductility, while still meeting the requirements for asphalt and having a high
softening point and viscosity. In general, the results showed that increasing the content of biomedical waste as a
percentage of the weight of bitumen improves the rheological properties of bitumen and paving performance. This also
reduces the effect of cracking and improves the susceptibility temperature of asphalt. The results also demonstrated a
9.75% material cost reduction. This approach not only allows for the prudent disposal of hazardous biomedical plastic
waste, but also reduces construction costs by saving some bitumen, making this type of asphalt more suitable for use in
hot areas.
Investigation of the morphological and histological features of the testes of pigeon (Columba livia domestica) in pre-puberty and post-puberty
(Open Veterinary Journal, (2024), Vol. 14(9): 2163-2169, 2024-08-11) Harith Humadi Khalaf; Oday Alawi Al-Juhaishi; Muntadher Salman Ashour
Background: Morphological and histological examination of the testes can provide a suitable insight into the health of the reproductive system. Aim: The objective of the current study was to investigate the morphological and histological features of the testes of local pigeons (Columba livia domestica) at mature and immature stages of age.
Methods: Two groups of collected specimens underwent macroscopic and microscopic investigation to evaluate and compare the main general properties of their testes.
Results: The findings indicated that the testis has an oval shape in both pre-puberty and post-puberty stages, situated on the inner side of the kidney towards the caudal extreme of the lungs. However, the left testis was bigger than those on the right side. In the pre-puberty stage group, the testicular parenchyma was small, and almost collapsed seminiferous tubules containing a single layer of Spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. In contrast, in the post-puberty stage, the parenchyma space between seminiferous tubules was small, and tubules adhered closely to each other. Also, mature cells including sertoli, spermatogonia, and spermatocytes were noticed to spread within the tubules.
Conclusion: The change in the histological structure of testes before and after maturity may help to evaluate the complexity of the male reproductive system of pigeons and draw attention to the organization of sex hormones and the
function of several types of cells within the testes.