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Item Optimizing Urban Thermal Comfort Through Multi-Criteria Architectural Approaches in Arid Regions: The Case of Béchar, Algeria(Sustainability, 2025-08-25) Nahla Hilal; Radia Benziada; Malika Kacemi; Abderahemane Mejedoub Mokhtari; Naima Fezzioui; Zouaoui R. Harrat; Walid Mansour; Mohammed Chatbi; Md. Habibur Rahman SobuzAbstract Urban planning in arid climates must overcome numerous nonclimatic constraints that often result in outdoor thermal discomfort. This is particularly evident in Béchar, a city in southern Algeria known for its long, intense summers with temperatures frequently exceeding 45 ◦C. This study investigates the influence of urban morphology on thermal comfort and explores architectural and digital solutions to enhance energy performance in buildings. This research focuses on Béchar’s city center, where various urban configurations were analyzed using a multidisciplinary approach that combines typomorphological and climatic analysis with numerical simulations (ENVI-met 3.0 and TRNSYS 16). The results show that shaded zones near buildings have lower thermal loads (under +20 W/m2), while open areas may reach +100 W/m2. The thermal comfort rate varies between 22% and 60%, depending on wall materials and occupancy patterns. High thermal inertia materials, such as stone and compressed stabilized earth blocks (CSEBs), reduce hot discomfort hours to under 1700 h/year but may increase cold discomfort. Combining these materials with targeted insulation improves thermal balance. Key recommendations include compact urban forms, vegetation, shading devices, and high-performance envelopes. Early integration of these strategies can significantly enhance thermal comfort and reduce energy demand in Saharan citiesItem Up-to-Date Review on Flat-Plate Solar Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal Systems: Absorber Designs and Fabrication Materials(John Wiley & Sons, 2025-06) Moustafa Al-Damook; Yassine El Alami; Elhadi Baghaz; Rehena Nasrin; Rachid Bendaoud; Tarik Bouragba; MustaphaMelhaoui; Mohammadi BenhmidaPhotovoltaic (PV) technology is generally perceived as well-developed but suffers a drop in performance at high temperatures. Faced with this problem, researchers are turning to PV thermal (PVT) systems, which integrate electricity production and thermal energy. Flat-plate PVT systems are the most widely adopted among the various configurations. This article is distinguished by an in-depth analysis of flat-plate PVT systems, drawing on a detailed analysis of recent research. It summarizes the numerous studies on the different layers of PVT systems, providing an overview of advances in this field. The materials used for absorbers and tubes are explored, providing information on their properties and applications and on the research being carried out to optimize their efficiency. The analysis also focuses on heat exchanger, tube, and channel configurations, highlighting innovations to improve their performance. Methods for integrating absorbers and tubes with PV panels, the most efficient types of PV cells, and working fluids for optimizing heat transfer and thermal performance are also discussed. Finally, an overview of software tools for simulating PVT systems and a summary of research on each software tool are provided to help researchers select the most appropriate tools for their modeling. Recommendations for further improvements to the viability of these systems are also providedItem Computational neutron emission spectrometry and radiation assessment in VVER-1200 reactor nuclear fuel(Elsevier, 2025) Ahmed H. Ali; Sergey V. Bedenko; Gennady N. Vlaskin; Sergey D. Polozkov; Alexey A. Orlov; Hector Rene Vega-CarrilloTo ensure long-term and trouble-free operation, the reactor fuel is modified by introducing various homogeneous and heterogeneous additives. This modified fuels exhibit satisfactory performances under irradiation at elevated temperatures and burnup levels. However, the challenges related to radiation safety during the handling of fresh and spent nuclear fuel remain unresolved. In this study, neutron emission spectra and effective doses for VVER- 1200 reactor fuel containing a heterogenous distribution of natGd2O3 and Am2O3, microspheres were calculated. Unlike in the case of homogenous variants, this design did not reduce the thermal conductivity of the fuel and positively affected the core neutronics and thermophysics. Comparing the radiation characteristics of fresh FAs revealed a considerable increase in the neutron (more than 3.7•102 times at a distance of 10 cm from the FA) and photonic (about 104 times) components of Am–containing fuel compared to U and U–Gd fuels. The yield and effective dose of neutrons emitted from spent Am-containing fuel is two times higher than that of uranium–based fuels. When calculating the dose, it is important to consider the energy spectrum of (α, n) neutrons in Am2O2 microcapsules. The findings of this study provide insights into the development of procedures and regulations for manufacturing and post-irradiation handling of new fuel in reactors.Item Mechanical properties of novel green high-strength fly ash concrete incorporating hemp fibers(Elsevier, 2025) Aktham H. Alani; Hussein Ghanim Hasan; Megat Azmi Megat Johari; T.A. Majid; N. Muhamad BunnoriCement production rose in the late 20th century. In response to environmental concerns, green concrete research and development have risen. The use of fly ash as a cement substitute in green concrete remains limited, despite global studies. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and advantages of utilizing hemp fiber on the mechanical properties of high-strength green concrete (HSGC) containing different volumes of fly ash (FA). Hemp fibers were added at 0.5 % and 1 % of the total mixture volume, in combination with varying levels of FA (0, 10, 17.5, and 35 %) as a partial replacement material for the total volume of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) binder in the HSGC. Slump flow diameter and T50 slump flow were performed to assess the rheological properties of fresh concrete mixtures. The results show that even with a 35 % FA content, the flexural properties and ductility behavior of HSGC were significantly improved by the combined use of FA and hemp fiber at 28 days. The superior increase in compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural toughness, and ductility was achieved with hemp-fiberized HSGC containing 17.5 % FA and 1 % hemp fiber by 22.3 %, 49.81 %, 14 %, 50.8 %, and 28 %, respectively, relative to the control mix. Thus, hemp fiber could extend fly ash use in HSGC production, reducing cement demand and energy consumption while improving concrete sustainability.Item A Sustainable Multi-Criteria Optimization Approach for the Energy Retrofit of Collective Housing in Algeria Using the ELECTRE III Tool(Springer Nature, 2025-05-08) Nahla Hilal; Nesrine Chabane; Abderahemane Mejedoub Mokhtari; Malika Kacemi; Zouaoui R. Harrat; Naida Ademovi´; Marijana Hadzima-NyarkoAbstract: This study proposes a sustainable multi-criteria optimization framework for the energy retrofit of collective residential buildings in Algeria, particularly those constructed between the 1970s and 1980s. Through on-site surveys, energy consumption analysis, and seasonal temperature measurements, the high energy demand of these buildings was confirmed. Using EnergyPlus simulations based on Meteoblue weather data, 16 retrofit strategies were assessed—incorporating various insulating materials applied internally or externally (via rendering or cladding). The ELECTRE III decision-making tool was employed, supported by the Simos Revised Framework (SRF) for weighting environmental, economic, and social criteria. Results demonstrate that all strategies significantly reduce energy demand—by up to 72.5%, with reductions reaching 94.4% in winter and 43.5% in summer, depending on insulation type and placement. Improvements in indoor thermal comfort were also observed, with exterior insulation beneath cladding offering the best performance during winter, while exterior rendering also proved effective in the summer. The ELECTRE III analysis identified rock wool and polyurethane with fiber cement cladding as optimal insulation solutions. The proposed approach supports national energy policies and aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), offering a replicable model for large-scale building retrofits in similar climatic and architectural contexts.Item العالم الالكتروني وأثره في نشر الفكر المتطرف "دراسة قانونية تحليلية مقارنة"(2025-06-01) م.م مصطفى محمد منصور العبدليان الفكر المتطرف يعد من اخطر انواع الارهاب، وكما انه يمثل ظاهرة عالمية مرتبطة بفكر الانسان اياً كان توجهه ومعتقده او مذهبه فهو يقوم بغلق فكره وقمع حريته الفكرية. ساهم العالم الالكتروني بشكل كبير في انتشار الفكر المتطرف من خلال استخدام المواقع الالكترونية المختلفة خاصة التطرف الذي اتخذ من الاسلام غطاء له كالعصابات الداعشية والقاعدة ليبثوا افكارهم الظلامية عبر الشبكة العنكبوتية لتصل الى شرائح المجتمع بسرعة كبيرة. ان كان من السهل مكافحة الفكر المتطرف في الواقع لأنه يكون مكشوف او يمكن التعرف عليه من خطاباته وتحركاته، عكس ما عليه الحال في الواقع الالكتروني الذي يحتاج الى تظافر الجهود لكبح وجوده والتضييق عليه لأنه يستخدم مواقع الكترونية كثيرة وغرف سرية مغلقة، بالتالي يقع على عاتق الحكومة وضع القوانين الرادعة وتفعيل الرقابة والتوعية المجتمعية والاجهزة الامنية للتصدي لهذا الخطر الكبير والحد من وجوده. وعليه فإن سبب اختياري لهذا الموضوع ما هو الا من باب الحرص على المجتمع الدولي بشكل عام والمجتمع العراقي على وجه الخصوص الذي عانى الويلات من خطورة الفكر المتطرف. من الصعب انهاء وجود هذا الفكر بالكامل في العالم الالكتروني الواسع ولكن لابد من العمل على تحجيم خطره باتخاذ خطوات جدية وحلول ناجعة. ان ابرز ما توصلنا اليه في هذا البحث هو تعريف الفكر المتطرف واهم الدوافع التي تسبب في انتشاره ووضحنا المعالجات القانونية الممكنة على المستوى الدولي والوطني.Item CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON TRI-TROPHIC PREDATOR{PREY MODEL OF THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN WOLVES, UNGULATES, AND PLANTS(John Wiley & Sons, 2025) ASHRAF ADNAN THIRTHAR; PRABIR PANJA; ZAHRAA ALBATOOL MAHDI; BAPIN MONDAL; ASMA AL-JASER; THABET ABDELJAWAD; MANAR A. ALQUDAHAbstract The model considers the interactions between wolves, ungulates, and plants in a three-level trophic system. Climate change is assumed to have an impact on plant growth, in uencing the logistical aspects of plant development. In the absence of ungulate species and climate change, it is suggested that plants could grow logistically. Ungulates are assumed to consume plants and this consumption is in uenced by climate change. Wolves are presumed to consume ungulates, and the rate of this consumption is believed to be in uenced by global climate change. The study discusses the positivity, boundedness, and dissipativeness of the model, likely referring to the system's behavior and stability. The stability of equilibrium points in the model is studied, both locally and globally. It is discovered that the populations of ungulates and wolves may go extinct due to the increase in global climate change. The presence of global warming or climate change and increased plant consumption by ungulates could lead to instability of the ecological system. Results from numerical simulations are presented, providing a practical illustration of the model's behavior under di erent conditions.Item Stability and bifurcation analysis in a novel discrete prey-predator system incorporating moonlight, water availability, and vigilance effects(Springer Nature, 2025-05-27) Ashraf Adnan Thirthar; Karima Mokni; Mohamed Ch-Chaoui; Shireen Jawad; Muhammad Aqib AbbasiAbstract This study explores the dynamics of a discrete-time predator–prey model derived from a continuous framework, integrating factors such as prey vigilance, refuge availability, water resources, and moonlight. The model captures realistic ecological scenarios where vigilance reduces predation success but also incurs energetic and temporal costs, leading to diminished prey population growth. Additionally, mammalian prey consumption is influenced by the availability of refuge, water resources, and moonlight intensity, reflecting key environmental and behavioral factors. The analysis examines the boundedness of solutions, the stability and existence of fixed points, and the emergence of bifurcations. The study emphasizes codimensionone bifurcations, including Neimark–Sacker bifurcations, and codimension-two bifurcations, such as 1:2 resonance. Detailed numerical simulations are employed to investigate the complex dynamics arising from these bifurcations, providing significant insights into the model’s behavior. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how ecological and environmental factors interact in predator–prey systems and their implications for ecosystem stability.Item Occidentalism: Between Concept and Application(University of Management and Technology, 2025-04-25) Israa Bassim Mohammed Abbas; Saif Mohammed Sattoori Ibrahim; Sarab Majeed Saleh Abdullah Al-MohammadiThe current study is concerned with one of the most important matters that the Western world ought to examine scientifically and objectively. It is a counterpart to Orientalism in terms of importance. Its origins go back to the early Islamic eras, represented by the efforts of Muslim travelers and historians. The study adopts a historical, analytical, and descriptive approach which is based on a group of geographical and historical sources and references. It is believed that Occidentalism is an independent science that is concerned with studying the West objectively and is not merely a reaction to Orientalism. The confusion between Occidentalism and Westernization has led to a misunderstanding of this field, which requires correcting the terminology and re-distinguishing between the two concepts. The roots of Occidentalism go back to the early Islamic eras, and its motives are diverse. The study concludes that Occidentalism is a stand-alone science that deserves more careful studies to understand its origins, developments, and goals, away from confusion with Westernization. It also represents an effective means of confronting the Western distortion of Islamic culture and history, by studying it in an objective and precise scientific manner. The study recommends the need to strengthen academic studies on Occidentalism and open new horizons to explore its developments and effects on Islamic and global thought.Item A Low-Fouling Electrochemical Immunosensor Based On Metal–Organic Framework and Ternary Metal Oxide Nanomaterials Using Dual Signal Amplification Strategy for Sensitive Detection of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) in Patient Samples(John Wiley & Sons, 2025-03-11) Abdulsalam Y. Obaid; Zaman Abdalhussein Ibadi Alaridhee; Ahmed Hjazi; Nizomiddin Juraev; Marwah Suliman Maashi; Faeza H. Zankanah; Ameer H. Al-Rubaye; Albe Slabi Hussam; Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid; Hasan Majdi; Majid JabirA label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on the zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF8)/bismuth ferrite (BFO) nanocomposite was fabricated for the specific and sensitive quantification of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The ZIF8-BFO material not only increases the surface area effectively but also enhances the catalytic capability of the electrode through a dual amplification strategy, leading to the improved sensitivity of the probe for PSA recognition. A thin layer of l-cysteine was used for two reasons: providing a scaffold for the next functionalization and reducing the fouling of plasma ingredients on the surface of the probe. The mechanical and spectroscopic properties of the produced nanomaterials were characterized using different techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and dynamic light scattering (DLS)/Zeta analyzer. The electroanalytical properties of the probe were studied using square-wave voltammetry (SWV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The signal of the probe decreased proportionally with increasing PSA concentration in the 100.0 pg/mL–15.0 ng/mL range, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 85 pg/mL. The proposed platform has been successfully employed to measure PSA levels in human serum samples with acceptable